Elsevier

World Neurosurgery

Volume 92, August 2016, Pages 585.e1-585.e3
World Neurosurgery

Case Report
Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Mimicking a Supratentorial Tumor

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2016.05.027Get rights and content

Background

The pathophysiology of dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVF) is not fully understood. Retrograde venous flow can lead to venous congestion and disruption of the blood-brain barrier, resulting in diffuse contrast enhancement.

Case Description

We present the case of a patient with a supratentorial dAVF associated with a solid, tumor-appearing, corticosubcortical contrast-enhancing lesion. Surgical occlusion of the dAVF was followed by complete regression of the contrast-enhancing lesion. Histologic analysis of the lesion showed normal brain tissue.

Conclusions

This case report highlights how venous congestion is an important differential diagnosis in contrast-enhancing lesions associated with dAVF and how it should be taken in consideration to avoid radiologic misdiagnoses and unnecessary treatment.

Introduction

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is a rare and heterogeneous disease. The pathophysiology of dAVF is not completely understood and their radiologic diagnosis can be challenging. dAVF are known to be potentially associated with retrograde venous blood flow and venous congestion. We present the unique case of a patient presenting with a delimited supratentorial, corticosubcortical contrast-enhancing lesion associated with a dAVF, focusing on long-term radiologic follow-up after microsurgical dAVF surgical occlusion treatment.

Section snippets

Case Report

A healthy 56-year-old woman was admitted to our neurosurgical department with a new onset of repeated secondary generalized tonico-clonic seizures. Initial neurologic examination, after seizure control, showed a mild right leg weakness. Initial brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a well-demarcated contrast-enhancing lesion located in the left upper precentral gyrus and the posterior superior frontal gyrus (Figure 1A–F), associated with an anterior vascular abnormality, highly

Discussion

In Borden type III dAVF, the pathologic connection between arteries and veins can be associated with venous hypertension, congestion, and infarction in the draining area of the affected vein.1, 2 This can cause disruption of the blood-brain barrier, leading to contrast-enhancing lesions on brain imaging.3 Borden Type III dAVF are mostly located in the spine.1 Here, dAVF associated with myelopathy and concomitant focal contrast enhancement have been described previously.4, 5, 6 The literature

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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that the article content was composed in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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